~~Tools & Accessories~~

ALTAR

The altar or working space is the first thing you'll need in any magickal working. Ideally, you should have a special room for this, but few of us live in ideal situations.
Your altar can be as simple as a coffee table or as elaborate as you wish.

The ritual altar serves a dual purpose; it's a place to keep your ritual tools and materials; and it serves as a visual focus for your magickal work. Some traditions hold that the altar should always face the East, or the South, or in the center, etc., etc... Put your altar where it feels right for you. More important, put it somewhere where you will be able to see it easily, where you'll be able to reach the things you need to reach, and where you won't trip over it.

The right side of the altar is usually dedicated to the God. A red, yellow or gold candle, or an appropriate figure, is usually place there, as are the censor, wand, athame, bolline and a bowl of salt.
The left half of the altar is usually dedicated to the goddess. Tools sacred to Her are placed there: the cup, the pentacle, bell, crystal, cauldron and the bowl of water. An image of the Goddess may also stand there, or a green, silver or white candle can be substituted. The besom or broom may be laid against the left side of the altar.The cauldron is also sometimes placed on the floor to the left of the altar if there isn't room on top.

ATHAME

Your athame (or personal knife) should be purchased new, the shape and size depending upon what appeals to you. In the Wiccan tradition the hilt is usually black and the blade sharp on both sides. The blade should also be of a metal that can be sharpened as you will use this knife to cut herbs and incise candles. The sharp edge is also a reminder of the power we take into our hands when we work magick.
If you do purchase a used knife be very certain there are no negative vibrations on it. Cleanse and consecrate it before use.
The dirk is the equivalent of the athame in PectiWita. It generally has a longer blade, though whatever feels comfortable to you is acceptable.

The athame is associated with the Fire Element and the South (some traditions associate it with Air and the East.)

BELL

Some Wiccans use a bell in their rituals, though certainly not all. Sound is vibration and vibrations are important, not only in everyday life but, especially, magick. To help achieve the right vibrations, the right "mood" or "frequency", it helps to ring a bell. It can actually be just as effective-and thereby as important-as the burning of incense, which also affects vibrations. Don't overdo the bell ringing. A very occasional single-, double-, or triple-ring, scattered throughout the ritual, can be far more effective than a constant jangling.
The bell you use should be chosen carefully. Don't just take any bell - each has its own particular timbre. Find one which seems "right" to you, one which soothes and mellows rather than one which is harsh and strident. If possible, remove the handle and replace it with a leather loop. In this way you can carry the bell strung from you belt (if you prefer that is!).
The bell is a feminine symbol and so is often used to invoke the Goddess in ritual. It is also rung to ward off evil spells and spirits, to halt storms, or to evoke good energies. Placed in cupboards or hung on the door, it guards the home.

BESOM

The Besom is used to cleanse the ritual area. There are those who insist that a besom must be made of broom, but this isn't necessarily true. In fact, it is said that fairies hate the scent of broom. Straw or grass brooms are fine for indoors, while outdoors, any leafy twig found on the ground will work well. Many stores and craft shops carry the old-fashioned "witch" broom made of straw or grass that is perfectly acceptable as long as it feels right to you. I made my besom with an oak branch and eucalyptus, rosemary, lavender and twine. It works and that's what matters most.

To cleanse your ritual area, start in the center and moving deosil (clockwise) sweep the circle from the center to the outer edges, all the while envisioning and chanting that negativity is being swept out and the circle is being cleaned

BOOK OF SHADOWS

One of the most important items is the Book of Shadows, or Journal if you prefer. This is where you should record everything associated with your journey; rituals, spells, thoughts, inspirations, and any other information you deem needful. It can be in any form you choose; 3-ring binder, journal, computer file(!), etc...

BOLINE

This is usually a white handled knife traditionally used for physical cutting if you don't want to use your Athame for that. It is simply a practial, working as opposed to a purely ritualistic magick knife. It is used to cut wands or sacred herbs, inscribe symbols onto candles or on wood, clay or, wax, and in cutting cords for use in magick.

Some Wiccan dictate that the white-handled knife be used only within the magick circle. This would, of course, limit its usefulness. Do what feels right to you. Personally, I don't use a bolline, unless you'd consider my garden clippers qualify!

CANDLES

Candles are associated with Fire and Air, and are used for everything from lighting the altar to specifics in spells. The type of wax does not matter, Color is what is important here. For basic magickal working the basic candle colors needed are white, black, green, red, yellow, blue, gold, and silver. For more information on these colors see my candle page.

CAULDRON

The cauldron is an essential in Celtic magick. It represents the element of Water. The cauldron is mentioned in many Celtic myths (most notably Cerridwen's story) and is always connected with magickal happenings. Black cast iron is best and most traditional material, although it can be of other metals. Filled with water it can be used as a scrying tool, similar to a magick mirror or a crystal balll. During certain spells candles are set in it and allowed to burn out. It is an all purpose tool; a vital part of your Celtic spellworkings.

The Wicca see the cauldron as a symbol of the Goddess, the manifested essence of femininity and fertility. Ideally the cauldron should rest on three legs, its opening smaller than its widest part. Cauldrons can be difficult to find, and expensive when found. I use a cast iron dutch oven. It doesn't have legs but it seems to do the trick anyway.

CHALICE

Your chalice or goblet can be of any shape, size or composition. Beware of pretty pewter cups, they contain lead and can be dangerous to drink anything from, especially wine. The chalice holds water or wine, but is occasionally used empty. The chalice, like the cauldron, is of the Element of Water and associated with the West. It may be used for everyday drinking but is usually reserved for occasions when it is felt necessary to pour libations to the gods, or similar ritual use. Personally, my goblet is part of my Renaissance costume as well as a magickal tool. Since I feel like it will pick up the right energy when I use it at RenFaires this really doesn't stray too far from tradition.

HERBS AND OILS

Herbs are often burned for incense during a spell or ritual. Charcoal blocks are available for this purpose in gift and candle shops as well as new age and occult supply stores. Essential oils are used for anointing candles, tools, the altar and the body in rituals and spell working. They may be used as tokens of esteem and respect for the deities and energies of the Craft. As plants of various kinds have customarily been offered to the Lady, herbal offerings can be especially meaningful for their particular significance and properties. Since all herbs and oils have their own particular energies they can be a valuable, if not essential, addition to your magickal matierials. Herbs are always associated with the element Earth.

INCENSE CENSOR OR BURNER

A good incense burner is essential, especially if you plan to use the better incenses that are burned on charcoal. Choose a burner that has some sort of a foot or stand under it. Fill it with a layer of fresh sand, which makes it easier to clean and cuts down on the heat that will pass into the altar. If you can't find a suitable censor make one. Any bowl or cup will serve well provided that you fill it at least half-way with salt or sand. If you plan to move it as all while hot, chains or handles are a necessity.
Representative of the Element of Fire and aligned with the South, the incense burner can also be used in spells that require the burning of paper.

PENTACLE

A pentacle is traditionally a flat disk made of metal or wood and inscribed with a pentagram. It is used as a power point for consecrating ritual objects, such as water or wine in a chalice, amulets and tools; and is associated with the Earth Element and aligned with the North. It can also be used for grounding stray energy in a room.

The pentacle was "borrowed from ceremonial magick. In this ancient art it was often an instrument of protection, or a tool used to evoke spirits. Pentacles are also hung over doors and windows to act a protective devices, or are ritually manipulated to draw money owing to the pentacle's Earth associations.

I use a large sand dollar that has a perfect pentagram already on it. I suppose traditionalists would probably say that this isn't proper, but it feels right to me, and that is the most important thing.

ROBES

A robe that is only saved for spellworking can be a fundamental part of your magickal paraphernalia, (if your tradition doesn't call for you being skyclad that is!). It can be plain, decorated, and of any color that appeals to you as long as it makes you feel "magickal". It is nice to have more than one robe, each in a different color. The colors can be matched to the candle colors required for a particular spellworking.
If you don't like the idea of a robe, wear whatever feels comfortable to you. The idea is to feel at ease not to be "fashionable".

STONES AND CRYSTALS

Colorful stones of various shapes and sizes are used in some spellworks. Whether you purchase them or find them yourself, be certain that their vibrations feel comfortable to you. Crystals and other stones are good conductors of magickal energy in their natural state and need not be polished to be of use.
All stones and crystals are of the Element Earth and play an important part in Celtic spellworkings.

SWORD
sword

The sword, like the staff, is a tool of command, It is not used often, but can be necessary for certain spellworkings. Its size, style and length are a personal choice; just be careful that you can easily handle the sword you choose. The weight and length of a Scottish Claymore, for example, becomes a real test of endurance after several minutes. For a woman, a sword length of 17 to 25 inches is a good choice. Like the Athame, the sword is of the Element of Fire.

WAND OR STAFF

Traditionally, both a wand and staff should be of wood and made by the person who will use them. If your purchase these or have them made, fill them with your own vibrations before using them. This is easily done by handling them often and deliberately sending you own positive thoughts into the object. The wand and staff can be naturally-formed tree branches or made of dowels ornamented with crystals, stones, wooden beads, or whatever else you fancy.
The length of the wand depends upon what feels comfortable to you, but tradition states that it should be no longer than your forearm.
The staff should be at least shoulder-high and as thick as is comfortable to hold, usually about 1 1/2 inches in diameter. It should be cut during the waxing moon and allowed to dry out thoroughly at room temperature. You may strip the bark off of it or leave it on, whichever you prefer.It may be left natural or stained/varnished/oiled. The staff is the sword and wand rolled into one, and as such is a symbol of both magickal knowledge and the right to petition deities or archetypal powers. The staff is the main tool of the PectiWita tradition.
Both Staff and Wand are of the Element of Air and are aligned with the East(although some traditions hold that the wand is an instrument of fire and aligned with the South).

~~ALL ABOUT HERBS~~

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ALLSPICE (Pimento dioica)

To grow:

No directions to grow

Uses:

Allspice will ease flatulence and dyspeptic pain. It may be applied as a

compress for rheumatism and neuralgia. It is mainly used as a spice in the food

industry.

Parts used:

The berries are the part of the plant that are used. They should be picked while

still green. When they are dried they will turn a reddish-brown.

Infusion:

The dried berries should be bruised just before use to release the oils. Pour

one cup of boiling water over 1 teaspoon of the berries and let stand for 5-10

minutes. Drink warm to ease the symptoms of abdominal distress as needed.

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ANISEED (Pimpinella anisum)

To grow:

Annual herb with bright green, toothed, basal leaves. Tiny white flowers appear

in umbrella-like clusters on 2 ft. stems in June. Start in place when ground

warms up in spring. This plant does not transplant easily. Grow in light soil in

full sun. Water it regularly.

Uses:

Aniseed oil is the basis for its internal use to ease griping, intestinal colic,

and flatulence. It also has a marked expectorant and anti-spasmodic action and

may be used where there is persistent coughing, and in whooping cough. The oil

may be used externally in an ointment base for treating scabies. The oil by

itself will help in the control of lice.

Parts used:

The seeds of Anise are the part used. The ripe dry fruits should be picked

between mid-summer and early fall.

Infusion

The seeds should be gently crushed just before use to release the oils. Pour one

cup of boiling water over 1-2 teaspoonfuls of the seeds and let it stand for 5-

10 minutes. Take one cup three times daily. To ease flatulence the tea should be

taken slowly before meals.

Oil

One drop of the oil may be taken internally by mixing it into 1/2 teaspoonful of

honey.

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BALM (Melissa officinalis)

To grow:

Perennial herb. Grows to 2 ft. It's leaves are heavily veined, light green

leaves with a lemony scent. It's white flowers are unimportant and need to be

cut occasionally to keep compact. Spreads rapidly. Grow in rich, moist soil in

sun or part shade. Balm is very hardy and you can propagate from seed or root

divisions. Self sows.

Uses:

Balm is an excellent carminative herb that relieves spasms in the digestive

tract and is used in flatulent dyspepsia. The gently sedative oils relieve

tension and stress reactions, therefore, acting to lighten depression. It has a

tonic effect on the circulatory system and heart, thus lowering blood pressure.

It can be used in feverish conditions such as flu.

Parts used:

Dried aerial parts or fresh in season. Pick the leaves two or three times a year

between early summer and early fall. Cut off the young shoots when they are

approximately 12 in long. They should be dried in the shade at a temperature not

more than 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

Infusion:

Pour a cup of boiling water onto 2-3 teaspoons of the dried herb or 4-6 fresh

leaves and leave to infuse for 10-15 minutes, well covered. Drink a cup in the

morning and the evening or when needed.

Tincture:

Take 2-6 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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BAYBERRY (Myrica cerifera)

To grow:

Deciduous or partly evergreen shrub. Dense, compact growth to 9 ft. Leaves are 4

inches long, narrowish, glossy green, dotted with resin glands, and fragrant.

Flowers are inconspicuous with tiny roundish fruit covered with wax. You can

plant Bayberry in almost any soil in full sun. Water occasionally.

Uses:

Bayberry is a valuable astringent in diarrhea and dysentery. It can be used as a

douche for leucorrhea and can be gargled for sore throats. It can also be used

in the treatment of colds.

Part used:

bark of root. It should be dug up in spring or fall and it's bark pared off and

dried.

Decoction:

Put 1 tsp. of the bark in one cup of cold water and bring to a boil. Leave for

10-15 minutes. This should be drunk three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-3 ml of the tincture 3 times a day

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BLACK HOREHOUND (Ballota nigra)

To grow:

No directions to grow

Uses:

Eases nausea where it is caused by the nervous system rather than the stomach.

Good for motion sickness, vomiting of pregnancy, and nervous vomiting. A

normalizer of menstrual function and also a mild expectorant.

Part used:

Dried aerial parts. Collect just as it begins to bloom in midsummer.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water onto 1-2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day or as needed.

Tincture:

Take 1-2 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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CARAWAY (Carum carvi)

To grow:

Biennial herb. It has a mound of carrot-like leaves the first year and umbrella-

like clusters of white flowers above the foliage the second year. The Plant dies

after it's seeds ripen in mid-summer. Start from seed sown in place in fall or

spring. Plant in well-drained soil in full sun. Water average. Thin seedlings to

1 1/2 ft.

Uses:

A calming herb used to ease flatulent dyspepsia and intestinal colic. Stimulates

the appetite. Increases milk flow during pregnancy, relieves period pains, helps

diarrhea, as a gargle helps laryngitis, and can be used in bronchitis and

bronchial asthma.

Part used:

Seeds. Collect the flowering heads in mid-summer and leave to ripen. Shake the

seeds off when ready.

Infusion:

Pour a cup of boiling water over 1 tsp. of freshly crushed seeds and leave to

infuse for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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CATNIP (Nepeta cataria)

To grow:

Perennial. Grows 2-3 ft high. Downy gray-green leaves and clustered lavender or

white flowers at branch tips in June. This plant is an easy grower in light

soil. Water regularly. Reseeds itself.

Uses:

Catnip is a traditional cold and flu remedy. A Powerful diaphoretic used in many

feverish conditions. It eases stomach upsets, flatulence, dyspepsia, and colic.

It has a sedative action which relaxes the nerves. Another well known use is for

cats. Sprinkle it's dried leaves over their food or sew it into a stuffed toy.

Parts used:

Leaves and flowering tops. Collect between early summer and early fall.

Infusion:

Pour a cup of boiling water over 2 tsp. of dried herb and leave to infuse for

10-15 minutes. Drink 3 times a day.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture 3-4 times a day.

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CHAMOMILE (Chamaemelum nobile)

To Grow:

Evergreen perennial. Has soft-textured, bright green leaves that form a mat that

spreads 3-12 inches. Most common form has summer-blooming flower heads that

resemble small yellow buttons, others have daisy-like heads. Plant 1 ft apart in

full sun or light shade. Water moderately.

Uses:

An excellent, gentle sedative, safe for use in children. Used in anxiety and

insomnia. Use as a gargle for sore throats, a mouth wash for mouth

inflammations, or as an eye wash for sore eyes. Use as an inhalant over a steam

bath to speed recovery of nasal catarrh. Use externally to speed wound healing

and ease swelling.

Parts used:

Flowers and leaves. Gather the flowers between late spring and late summer when

they are not wet with dew or rain. Dry with care at not to high a temperature.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 2 tsp. of dried leaves and leave to infuse for

5-10 minutes. Drink after meals for digestive problems. Make a stronger infusion

for mouthwash. Add half a cup of flowers to 2L of water for a steam bath. Cover

your head with a towel and inhale the steam.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of tincture three times a day.

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COMFREY (Symphytum officinale)

To Grow:

A Deep-rooted, clumping perennial that grows to 3 ft. Basal leaves are 8 inches

or more in length, shorter on top, and all furry with stiff hairs. Flowers are

1/2 inch long, usually a dose rose color, sometimes white, creamy, or purple.

Plant in full sun or partial shade. Water average. To keep leaf production high

cut out flowering stalks and mulch each spring with compost. Gardeners should

think hard before putting comfrey into your gardens. Plants spread freely from

roots and are difficult to get rid of. On the other side, some herb enthusiasts

claim it accumulates minerals and enriches compost.

Uses:

A Powerful healing agent in gastric and duodenal ulcers, hiatus hernia, and

ulcerative colitis. Will help hemorrhages when they occur. It will soothe and

reduce irritation while helping expectoration in cases of bronchitis and

irritable cough. May be used to speed wound healing and help guard against scar

tissue developing incorrectly.

Parts used:

Root and rhizome, leaf. Dig up the roots in spring or fall when the allantoin

levels are highest. Split the roots down the middle and dry in temperatures of

about 104-140 degrees Fahrenheit.

Decoction:

Place 1-3 tsp. of the dried herb in 1 cup of water and bring to a boil. simmer

for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times daily.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times daily.

*CAUTION:

The external application of Comfrey to very deep wounds may lead to scar tissue

forming over the wound before it is healed, possible leading to abscesses.

NOTE:

Leaves have been used as food for people and livestock-but they contain a

poison, pyrrolizidine, and should not be eaten.

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CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum)

To Grow:

Annual herb. Grows 12-15 inches high with delicate fern-like foliage and flat

clusters of pinkish white flowers. Plant in good, well-drained soil, in full

sun. Grows quickly and sows itself.

Uses:

Helps the digestive system get rid of wind and the spasm pain (colic) that

sometimes goes with it. Eases diarrhea. The oil acts as a stimulant to the

stomach, increasing secretion of digestive juices, therefore stimulating the

appetite.

Parts used:

Ripe seeds. Collect the flowering heads in late summer and leave to ripen. Shake

the flowers then and collect the seeds will fall off easily.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water on 1 tsp. of the bruised seeds and leave to infuse

for 5 minutes in a closed pot. Drink before meals.

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DILL (Anethum graveolens)

To Grow:

Annual herb grows 3-4 ft. It has soft-leathery leaves and umbrella-like clusters

of small, yellow flowers. The seeds and leaves have a pungent fragrance. Sow in

place in full sun several times during the spring and summer for constant

supply. Thin to 1 1/2 ft apart. Dill sprouts and grows better in the spring than

in the summer.

Uses:

An excellent remedy for flatulence and colic. This is the herb of choice in

colic in small children. It stimulates the milk flow in a nursing mother and

chewing the seeds will clear up bad breath.

Part used:

Seeds. Collect the seeds when they are fully ripe (have turned brown) Spread out

to dry in natural heat.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over the gently crushed seeds and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. For flatulence, drink a cup before meals.

Tincture:

Take 1-2 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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ECHINACEA (Echinacea angustifolia)

To Grow:

No directions to grow

Uses:

Echinacea is the number one remedy to help rid the body of microbial infections.

Works against both bacterial and viral attacks. It can be used for boils,

septicemia, or any other infection of that sort. If used with other herbs it can

be used for infections anywhere in the body.

Parts used:

cone flower and roots. Dig up the roots in the fall. It is said that fresh roots

are more effective than dried roots.

Decoction:

Put 1-2 tsp. of the root into 1 cup of water and slowly bring to a boil. Let

simmer for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare)

To Grow:

Perennial herb, usually grown as a summer annual. Similar to dill, but coarser,

it grows to 3-5 ft high. It has yellow green, finely cut leaves with flat

clusters of yellow flowers. Grow in light, well-drained soil, in full sun.

Drought tolerant. Start from seed in place. Thin seedlings to 1 ft apart.

Uses:

An excellent stomach and intestinal remedy that eases flatulence and colic while

stimulating the digestive tract and appetite. It will increase the flow of milk

in nursing mothers. It may be used to ease rheumatism and muscular pains

externally. As a compress it will treat the conjunctivitis and inflammation of

the eyelids.

Part used:

Seeds. Harvest the seeds when they are ripe and split in the fall. Cut the brown

umbel off and comb the seeds to clean them. Dry slightly in the shade.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of slightly crushed seeds and leave to

infuse for 10 minutes. Drink three times a day. To ease flatulence drink a cup

half an hour before meals.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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GARLIC (Allium sativum)

To Grow:

Perennial. In areas with mild winters, plant between October and December for

early summer harvest. Where winters are cold, plant early in spring. Break bulbs

up into cloves and plant base downward 1-2 inches apart in rows 1 ft apart.

Uses:

One of the most effective anti-microbial plant available, acting on bacteria,

viruses and alimentary parasites. Used in respiratory infections such as chronic

bronchitis, catarrh, recurrent colds and influenza. It is helpful in the

treatment of whooping cough and asthma. Can be used as a preventive agent

against most infectious conditions. Will support the growth of the natural

bacteria flora while killing pathogenic organisms in the digestive tract. Will

reduce blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels if taken over a period of

time. Externally it can be used for the treatment of ringworm and threadworm.

Part used:

Bulb. Dig up the bulb when the leaves begin to wither and fall over.

A Clove should be eaten three times a day. If smell is a problem, then switch to

garlic oil capsules. Take three once a day as a prophylactic or take one three

times a day when an infection occurs.

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HOPS (Humulus lupulus)

To Grow:

Perennial vine. Grow from roots (which are not easily found in nurseries)

planted in rich soil in early spring. Place thick end up just below soil

surface. Trellis's or supports will be needed for vertical climbing. Shoots

appear in May and grow quickly to 15-25 ft by mid-summer. Water roots a lot once

rapid growth starts. Light green hops appear in August-September and have a

fresh, piney fragrance. Regrowth comes the next spring.

Uses:

Used for the treatment of insomnia. Will ease tension and anxiety. Can be used

in conditions such as mucous colitis. They may be used for the treatment of

ulcers externally.

Part used:

Flower inflorescence. Gather the cones before they are fully ripe in late summer

or early fall. Dry with care in the shade.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tsp. of the dried flowers and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. Drink one cup a night to help induce sleep.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

CAUTION:

Do not use in cases of marked depression

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HORSERADISH (Armoracia rusticana)

To Grow:

No directions to grow.

Uses:

Can be used in influenza and fevers as a rough equivalent to cayenne pepper. It

stimulates the digestive process while easing wind and griping pains. Also, for

urinary infections, rheumatism, and as a poultice in bronchitis.

Part used:

Tap root. Collect the roots in winter and store in sand.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tsp. of chopped or powdered root. Leave to

infuse for 5 minutes. Drink three times a day or more when used to treat

influenza or fevers.

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HYSSOP (Hyssopus officinalis)

To Grow:

Perennial herb. Grows to 1 1/2-2 ft high. Has narrow, dark green, pungent leaves

and a profusion of dark blue flower spikes that appear July-November. There are

also white and pink-flowered forms available. Plant in full sun or light shade.

Fairly drought resistant.

Uses:

It is used in coughs, bronchitis, and chronic catarrh. It can be used for the

common cold due top its diaphoretic state. As a Nervine it may be used in

anxiety, hysteria, and petite mal (a form of epilepsy).

Part used:

Dried aerial parts. Collect the flowering tops in late summer.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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LAVENDER (Lavandula angustifolia)

To Grow:

Classic lavender grows to 3-4 ft high and wide. Leaves are 2 inches long, gray,

smooth on margins, and narrow. Flowers are lavender, 1/2 inch long on 1/12 to 2

ft spikes in July-August. Plant in good soil. Water regularly.

Uses:

An effective herb for headaches. Can be used in the clearing of depression,

especially when used with other remedies. It can be used to soothe and promote

natural sleep. It can help ease the pains of rheumatism when used externally as

an oil.

Part used:

Flowers. Collect just before they open in early summer and early fall. Dry

gently in a room not above 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tsp. of the dried flowers and leave to infuse

for 10 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Oil:

Do not take the oil internally. It can be inhaled, rubbed on the skin, or used

in baths.

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MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis)

To Grow:

Annual. Flowers from late fall through spring in mild-winter areas and spring to

summer in colder winter areas. Plants, somewhat branching 1-2 ft high. Leaves

are long, narrow, round on the ends, sticky, and slightly aromatic. Sow seeds in

place or in flats in late summer or early fall in mild winter climates or in

spring elsewhere. Plant in full sun. Adapts to most soils with ample or little

water, as long as drainage is fast.

Uses:

Use marigold wherever there is inflammation of the skin, external bleeding,

bruising, and minor burns. Internally it can be used in the treatment of Gastric

and duodenal ulcers. It helps relieve gall bladder problems and indigestion as a

cholagogue. It also helps delayed menstruation and painful periods.

Part used:

Yellow flower petals. Collect the petals between early summer and early fall.

Dry with great care to insure there is no discoloration.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water onto 1-2 tsp. of the petals and leave to infuse for

10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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MARJORAM (Origanum vulgare)

To Grow:

Perennial herb. Upright growth to 2 1/2 ft. Spreads by underground stems. Leaves

are medium sized and oval. Purplish-pink blooms. Plant in sun, medium-rich soil.

It needs good drainage. Water average. Keep it trimmed to prevent flowering.

Replant every 3 years.

Uses:

Often used in the treatment of colds and flu. Can be used as a mouthwash for

inflammations of the mouth and throat. It can be used externally for infected

wounds and cuts. The Infusion is used in whooping coughs and coughs. As an oil

rubbed on the forehead or temples or as a tea it may be used to relieve

headaches due to stress. The oil can also be used for areas of rheumatic and

muscular pain. A lotion of marjoram will soothe stings and bites.

Part used:

Aerial parts. Gather as soon as it flowers. Do not gather the larger, thicker

stalks.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water onto 1 tsp. of the herb and let infuse for 10-15

minutes. Drink three times a day.

Mouthwash:

Pour 1 PT of boiling water onto 2 tbs., of the herb. Let it stand covered for 10

minutes. Gargle for 5-10 minutes three times a day. Reheat to use again.

Tincture:

Take 1-2 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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MARSHMALLOW (Althaea officinalis)

To Grow:

No directions to grow.

Uses:

The root is used primarily for digestive problems, inflammations of the

digestive tract and on the skin. The leaves are used for the lungs and urinary

system. The leaf can also be used for bronchitis, respiratory catarrh, and

irritating coughs. Externally, the root is indicated in varicose veins, ulcers,

abscesses and boils.

Parts used:

Roots and leaves. Collect the leaves in summer after flowering and dig up the

root in late fall. Clean the root of root fibers and cork and dry immediately.

Decoction:

Put 1 tsp. of chopped root into 1 cup of water and boil gently for 10-15

minutes. Drink three times a day.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water onto 1-2 tsp. of the dried leaves and leave to

infuse for 10 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

This herb can be used as a compress also.

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MISTLETOE (Viscum alba)

To Grow:

No Directions to grow but easily bought around Christmas time. If you do not

want to wait, you can find it easily in the Rocky mountains growing on trees.

You can probably find it anywhere in the U.S. growing on trees.

Uses:

Mistletoe will quiet, tone, and soothe the nervous system. It will reduce heart

rate while strengthening the wall of the peripheral capillaries. It will ease

blood pressure and ease arteriosclerosis. It has been shown to have some anti-

tumor activity.

Part used:

Leafy twigs. Collect the twigs in the spring.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day or as needed.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

CAUTION:

Do not use the berries.

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MUSTARD (Brassica nigra)

To Grow:

No directions to grow.

Uses:

It can be used as a mild irritant to the skin, which when applied, stimulates

circulation to that area and relieves muscular and skeletal pain. May be taken

as a tea or ground and sprinkled into a bath to relieve fevers, colds, and

influenza.

Part used:

Seeds. Collect the ripe seed pods in late summer. Tap the seeds out and dry in a

thin layer.

Poultice:

Mix 4 oz of freshly ground black mustard seeds with warm water to form a thick

paste. Spread on a piece of cloth the size of the body area to be covered. Lay a

damp gauze between the poultice and the skin to prevent the paste from sticking

to the skin. Apply the cloth and remove after 1 minute. If the skin is reddened

it can be eased with olive oil.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tsp. of mustard flour and leave to infuse for

5 minutes. Drink three times a day.

This may also be used as a footbath. Make an infusion using 1 tsp. of bruised

seeds to 1 L boiling water.

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OATS (Avena sativa)

To Grow:

No directions to grow.

Uses:

Oats can be used in cases of nervous debility and exhaustion when associated

with depression. It can be used with other nervines, both relaxant and

stimulatory to strengthen the whole nervous system. It can also be used as a

remedy for skin conditions.

Parts used:

Seeds and whole plant. Gather the seeds and straw in late summer at harvest

time. Cut and bound the stalks and leave to dry upright. Thresh out the fruit.

The straw is just the crushed dry stalks.

Fluid Extract:

Take 3-5 ml three times a day.

Bath:

Boil 2L of water and 1 LB of straw for half an hour. Strain the liquid and add

it to the bath.

The most common way to get oats is to eat them through porridge or oatmeal.

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PARSLEY (Petroselinum crispum)

See Coriander.

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PASSION FLOWER (Passiflora incarnata)

To Grow:

Perennial vine. Spreads prodigiously through root runners. It dies back at the

first frost. Flowers are 2 inches across with white and purple with white crown.

The fruit is 2 inches long, yellowish green, and edible. Grow from seed in any

soil with average water.

Uses:

Passion flower aids in the transition into a restful sleep without any

'narcotic' hangover. It may be used in Parkinson's' disease, seizures, hysteria,

and asthma as an anti-spasmodic. It can be used for nerve pain such as neuralgia

or shingles.

Part used:

Leaves. Collect the foliage alone before the flowers bloom between late spring

and mid-summer. It may also be collected with the fruit after flowering. Dry the

leaves in the shade.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water onto 1 tsp. of the dried leaves and leave to infuse

for 15 minutes. Drink one cup a night for sleeplessness and a cup twice a day

for other conditions.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture and use the same way as the infusion.

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PUMPKIN (Cucurbita pepo)

To Grow:

For Jumbo-size, Halloween pumpkins, plant seeds in mid May or June. Plant is

sunny location. Allow a vine area of 8-12 ft in diameter. After the soil is

cultivated, dig a hole 4 inches deep where you will plant seeds. Put a shovelful

of manure in the hole and cover it with soil to level the ground. Plant 6-8

seeds, 1 in deep, within a circle 6 inches wide. If you want more than one set

of vines, plant the next circle 8 ft away. Water seeds after planting. When

plants are 4-6 inches high, remove all but the two best plants in the circle.

Water the pumpkins when you see the slightest sign of wilting, being careful to

not get the leaves wet. When the pumpkins are tennis ball size, remove all but 3

or 4 on each vine for a total of no more than 8 in each circle. If you want

extra large pumpkins remove all but one. Remove the pumpkins from the ends of

the vines, saving the ones closest to the main stem. Remove all flowers that

bloom after that. In late summer slide a wooden shingle under each pumpkin if

the ground is wet. If you have sandy soil you do not need to worry about this.

When pumpkins are the size you want, pick and do whatever it is you are going to

do with them. For smaller, regular pumpkins, plant in early spring in circles of

6-8 seeds with a diameter of 6 inches. Water well. Pick pumpkins when they are

the size

you want.

Uses:

The seeds have long been used as a remedy for worms and tapeworms.

Part used:

Seeds. Remove the seeds from the pulp inside the pumpkin.

Preparation:

Beat 2 oz of the seeds with as much sugar and milk to make a pint. Take this

fasting, in three doses, one every two hours. Drink castor oil a few hours after

the last dose.

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RASPBERRY (Rubus idaeus)

To grow:

Needs good drainage, dryish soil, and sun or light shade.

Uses:

Raspberry leaves have long been used to strengthen and tone the tissue of the

womb, assisting contractions, and checking any hemorrhage during labor. This

will happen if the herb is drunken continuously during pregnancy and taken

during labor. It can also be used in diarrhea, leucorrhea, and other loose

conditions. It is used in the easing of mouth problems such as mouth ulcers,

bleeding gums and inflammation. It will help sore throats.

Part used:

Leaves and fruit. Collect the leaves throughout the growing season. Dry slowly

in a well-ventilated area.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 2 tsp. of the dried herb. Leave to infuse for

10-15 minutes. You may drink this freely.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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RED SAGE (Salvia officinalis)

To grow:

Perennial herb. Grows 1 1/2-2 ft high. Leaves are 1-2 inches long, narrow, and

gray green. It has tall spikes of violet blue flowers. Can plant in poor, but

well-drained soil, full sun. It is fairly drought resistant. Cut back after

bloom and fertilize if you cut continually. Divide every three or four years.

Propagate from cuttings, layers, or seeds.

Uses:

It is most widely used as a remedy for inflammations of the mouth, gums, tongue,

throat, and tonsils. As a gargle it will help laryngitis, pharyngitis,

tonsillitis, and quinsy. It reduces sweating when taken internally and may be

used to reduce the production of breast milk. It stimulates the muscles of the

uterus and may be used as a compress to heal wounds.

Part used:

Leaves. Collect the leaves when the plant begins to flower in late spring or

early summer. Dry in the shade at a temperature not above 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of the leaves and leave to infuse for

10 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Mouthwash:

Bring 2 tsp. of the leaves and 1 PT of water to a boil. Let stand, covered for

15 minutes. Gargle deeply for 5-10 minutes several times a day.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

CAUTION:

Avoid during pregnancy

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ROSEHIPS (Rosa canina)

To grow:

Try to plant where roses will receive full sun all day. Avoid planting where

other shrubs or trees will steal water from the roses. Plant in well drained

soil. Dig soil deep and incorporate organic matter such as ground bark, peat

moss, or compost. Add complete fertilizer to soil at the same time and dig

supplemental phosphorous and potash into planting holes. Before planting bare-

root roses, immerse them in water for several hours. Be sure to make holes large

enough so you will not have to bend the roots or cut them back. Before planting

cut broken canes and broken roots just below the break. Set plant in the hole so

that bud union (knob from which the canes grow) is just above soil level. After

the rose is planted and has been watered well, mound soil or damp peat moss

around the bud union and the canes. Remove gradually after the leaves begin to

expand. You must water regularly. Water deeply so that entire root system

receives water. Big, well established plants need more water than new plants.

Apply nutrients fairly regularly. Feed when a blooming cycle has just ended and

new cycle is beginning. Stop feeding about 6 weeks before first hard frost.

Regular pest and disease control should be followed. Begin to control

aphids as soon as they appear. To prune, use sharp pruning spears. Remove wood

that is obviously dead or wood that has no healthy growth coming from it. Also

prune branches that rub against the plants larger canes or branches that cut

through the center. Each spring, remove 1/3 1/2 inch of the previous season's

growth. Cut flowers as a form of pruning. Cut enough stem to allow rose to stand

in a vase but do not cut to much foliage from the plant.

Uses:

A good source of vitamin C. They help in the bodies defense against colds and

flues. They help in cases of constipation and mild gall bladder problems as well

as conditions of the bladder and kidney.

Parts used:

Fruit (hips) and seeds of the dog rose. Collect the hips in the fall.

Decoction:

Put 2 1/2 tbs. of the cut hips in a cup of water and bring to a boil. Simmer for

10 minutes.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis)

To grow:

Evergreen shrub, herb. Rugged and picturesque, grows 2-6 ft high. Leaves are

narrow, aromatic, glossy, and dark green above, grayish white below. Flowers

grow in small clusters and are lavender blue, 1/4-1/2 inch. They bloom in winter

and spring, and occasionally in the fall. It endures hot sun and poor soil. You

must have good drainage for this plant. Once established, water it sparingly in

the desert. In other areas the plant needs little or no water. Control growth by

pinching tips when plants are small and by pruning older plants lightly.

Uses:

Rosemary is a circulatory and Nervine stimulant. Can be used for headaches,

dyspepsia, or depression associated with debility. It can be used to ease

muscular pain, sciatica, and neuralgia externally. It's oil may be used on hair

follicles for premature baldness.

Parts used:

Leaves and twigs. Gather the leaves throughout the summer. The best time to

collect them is during their flowering time.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

in a covered container for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-2 ml of the tincture three times a day.

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RUE (Ruta graveolens)

To grow:

Perennial herb. Grows 2-3 ft. It's leaves are aromatic, fern-like, and blue

green. Flowers are small and greenish yellow, with decorative brown seed

capsules. Sow seeds in flats and transplant to 1 ft apart. Grows in good soil

with additions of lime to strongly acidic soil. Plant in full sun, water average

or minimal.

Uses:

It's main use is the regulation of periods, where it is used to bring on

suppressed menses. It may be used to relax smooth muscles, especially in the

digestive system. It can ease spasmodic coughs. It increases peripheral

circulation and lowers elevated blood pressure. Chew the fresh leaf to relieve

headaches, ease palpitations, and other anxiety problems.

Part used:

Dried aerial parts. Collect the leaves before the flowers open in the summer and

dry in the shade.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1-2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

for 10-15 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 1-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

CAUTION:

Rue's oil is a powerful abortifacient and therefore should be avoided during

pregnancy

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THYME (Thymus vulgaris)

To grow:

Shrubby perennial herb. Grows 6-12 inches high. Leaves are 1/4 inch long, narrow

to oval, fragrant, and gray green. It has tiny lilac flowers in dense patches

June-July.

Uses:

Makes a good carmative for use in dyspepsia and sluggish digestion. May be used

externally as a lotion for infected wounds, but also internally for respiratory

and digestive infections. Can be used as a gargle for laryngitis, tonsillitis,

easing sore throats and irritable coughs. It can be used in bronchitis, whooping

cough, and asthma. It can also be used in childhood diarrhea and bed-wetting.

Parts used:

Leaves and flowering tops. Collect the flowering stems between early summer and

late summer on a dry sunny day. Strip the leaves off the dried stems.

Infusion:

Pour 1 cup of boiling water over 2 tsp. of the dried herb and leave to infuse

for 10 minutes. Drink three times a day.

Tincture:

Take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.

ADVICE TO THE BEGINNING HERBALISM STUDENT
----------------------------------------

Before I take this any further, and before I begin my posts on herbs and
their applications, I want to make it clear that my training in this is yet
incomplete. Much of what I am going to cover is taken from notes from the many
teachers I have had, some very useful reference books and experience. I will
pass on what I have, in hope that those who have more may add to the knowledge,
present their own experiences and generally SHARE our most important community
commodity - INFORMATION. The idea is to expand ourselves, through free exchange of
this information and by doing so help the entire Pagan community survive in the
long run. Please feel free to distribute the information I post here in this
and other message areas and in files to as many people as might be interested!

Herbalism, like midwifery skills, is one of the oldest parts of teaching
within the craft, but is also one where we have lost a huge amount of
information and where science has yet to catch up. Every pagan culture has
utilized the herbalism of its particular region, and I have found no one
source or teacher who could possibly know about every herb that grows on the
Earth. Yet today we have the opportunity to perhaps achieve this within a
lifespan or two, using the electronic communications at our fingertips. Science
is now slowly beginning to learn the importance of the natural herbs in healing,
but they will take centuries to figure it all out because of the way they go
about things, unless nudged.



The first step in herbalism is to gather the tools you will need, and that is
the main point of this first message. I have found the following useful and in
many cases vital to learn and practice the use of herbs.

1) A Good mortar and Pestle, one of stone or metal is
preferred. If wood is used you will need two, one for
inedible and one for edibles - make sure they do not
look identical, as you do not want to accidentally
poison anyone!!!
2) Containers. Although you can buy dried herbs over the
counter in many places these days, do not store them
in the plastic bags they come in, as these are usually
neither reusable nor perfectly airtight. Rubbermaid
style plastic containers are good, but expensive. I
have used glass coffee and spice jars/bottles to good
effect, as well as some medicine bottles. The more you
recycle the better ecologically, just make sure they
have been thoroughly washed and dried before placing
anything inside them.
3) Labels. This is vital! None of us in this day and age
can possibly recognize each herb in its various forms
simply by sight. Always label your containers as you
fill them, and if possible date them when they were
filled so you don't keep spoiled stock on the shelf.
4) Tea Ball. A good metal tea ball of the single cup
size can be very useful in the long run when your are
experimenting, and when you are making single person
doses of teas and tonics.
5) Cheese Cloth : Useful for straining a partially liquid
mixture and occasionally for the making of sachets.
6) A Good sized teakettle. Preferably one that will hold
at least a quart of water.
7) A Good teapot for simmering mixtures. I use one from
a Chinese import store that has done me well.
8) A good cutting board and a SHARP cutting knife for just
herbal work.
9) A notebook of some sort to record the information in
as you go, both successes and failures. Always record
anything new you try that may or may not work, and
also and research information you get from various
sources (like this echo!)
10) An eyedropper.
11) White linen-style bandages. Some ace bandages are also
useful in the long run.
12) A metal brazier of some sort, or a metal container
that can withstand heavy usage and heat from within
or without, useful for several things including the
making of your own incenses.
13) Reference sources. Shortly you should see a list of
books that I have read from in the past that I
consider useful, build from this as a starting point
to others and to your teachers help.


That's it to start, you'll pick the rest up as you go. Take your time studying,
take lots of notes, compare your sources and your own personal results on each
herb and on herbal mixtures of any kind.